Born in Hannover in 1763. First studied drawing with his father. Lived in London from 1781 to 1788, under the sponsorship of English King George III. Trained as a history painter at the Royal Academy of Arts under Benjamin West. Drew his first caricatures. After travelling extensively throughout Europe in 1790, he was appointed court painter in Hannover in 1793. Increasingly active as an illustrator of contemporary literature and as a caricaturist for journals and almanacs. Died in Hannover in 1840.