1918-1921 attends the private art school of Adolf Propp, Berlin. 1921-1925 studies at Berlin's Academy under Karl Hofer. 1927-1929 study sojourn in Paris. 1929-1930 stay in Florence and travels through Europe. 1927 first one-man show at the Galerie Neumann-Nierendorf, Berlin. 1935-1936 moves to Florence. 1956 appointed to the Staatliche Hochschule für Bildende Künste, the Städel School, in Frankfurt am Main. 1957 co-founder of the 'Frankfurt Secession'. Member of the 'New Group' in Munich. 1961 board of the directors of the Deutscher Künstlerbund, the German Artists' League.